NK cells contribute to tumor destruction through multiple mechanisms, including the release of cytolytic granules containing perforin and granzyme, which induce apoptosis in tumor cells, TNF-α signaling, which triggers tumor cell death through pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of the TRAIL and FASL death receptor pathways, which initiate programmed cell death in cancerous cells. The gene discussed is PRF1; the disease is neoplasm.