mRNA expression of collagen type I α 1 chain (COL1A1) showed a trend in being up-regulated following TGF-β1 treatment with mean FC = 4.8 (P = 0.08) for control fibroblasts (Figure 6L) and mean FC = 6.6 (P = 0.09) for IPF fibroblasts (Figure 6L) compared with corresponding untreated fibroblasts (FC = 1). Here, TGFB1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.