Further functional studies in the future could help us understand the in-depth intricacy of the loops between spectrin cleavage products and pathological interactions between CEACAM1 and gut microbes, leading to the production of toxic metabolites, such as ammonia, which impair tumor-suppressive TGF-β signaling and cause CRC (Fig. 6). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.