Low plasma adiponectin levels in children and adolescents have been associated with obesity, visceral adiposity, intramuscular fat, IR, T2DM, elevated blood pressure, and an atherogenic profile characterised by increased triglycerides, elevated apolipoprotein B levels, higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, lower HDL cholesterol, and an augmented risk of malignancy—Figure 2. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.