In GC peritoneal metastasis, SOX9 in tumor cells can inhibit T-cell cytotoxicity by promoting the secretion of interleukin 6 family cytokines and promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages, creating a microenvironment conducive to tumor growth and facilitating GC peritoneal metastasis (Fan et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene SOX9 and neoplasm.