PRKN and Parkinson disease: Individuals with Parkinson’s disease who carry distinct gene variants, such as LRRK2 risk variants (G2385R, and/or R1628P, and/or S1647T) (Oosterveld et al., 2015), SNCA rs1045722/T (Luo et al., 2019), Parkin-related mutations (Sun et al., 2021), GBA (Winder-Rhodes et al., 2013), or LRRK2 G2019S mutation (Oosterveld et al., 2015), have presented a diverse spectrum of disease progression patterns.