BDNF and Parkinson disease: Additionally, α-syn was found to be involved in several neurodegenerative signaling pathways such as neurodegeneration, PD, lipid and atherosclerosis, amphetamine addiction, alcoholism, dopaminergic synapses, estrogen signaling pathway, AD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the neurotrophin signaling pathway, underscoring its impact on the initiation and progression of various NDs.