Immune cells, including neutrophils, M1-polarized macrophages, Th17 cells, and CD103+ dendritic cells, are confirmed to orchestrate AKI progression, while regulatory miRNAs like miR-155 (SOCS1/STAT3 amplification in M1 macrophages), miR-21 (PDCD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis), miR-146a (IRAK1/TRAF6 suppression via AAV9 delivery), and miR-223 (NLRP3/CXCL2 inhibition in liposomes) can modulate inflammation. Here, NFKB1 is linked to acute kidney injury.