Emerging miR-155 nanocarrier systems for AKI have been established, including pH-responsive lipid-polymer hybrids, galectin-1-targeted mesoporous silica, and CD133-engineered exosome mimetics, synergizing with mitochondrial rescue agents (e.g., MitoQ nanoparticles), epigenetic modulators (HDAC6 inhibitors), and CAR-macrophage immunotherapies to address multifactorial pathology. The gene discussed is LGALS1; the disease is acute kidney injury.