PRKN and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Studies have found that in diabetic model mice, the expression levels of Parkin and PINK1 are reduced, which in turn decreases the number of mitochondrial autophagosomes and increases oxidative stress in liver cells (111); similarly, in the livers of NAFLD model rats, PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy is significantly reduced, leading to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria (112).