Our results demonstrate that LC86 alleviates osteoporosis symptoms by modifying the gut microbiome, engaging fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis pathways, and boosting the expression of key bone mineralization genes such as runx2a and bmp2a. These findings not only provide molecular-level evidence of probiotics’ role in bone health management but also corroborate recent studies in mammalian models that show the gut microbiome’s influence on bone metabolism (31). Here, BMP2 is linked to osteoporosis.