CD8A and vitiligo: More importantly, HMGB1 activates NF-κB signalling and then promotes the production of chemokines, including CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), thereby inducing CD8+ T cell migration and establishing an immune microenvironment unique to vitiligo (36) (Figure 2).