While inflammation-associated microglia mainly appear in active lesions at the early stages of MS, phagocytosis-associated markers such as CD163 and CD206 peak in late active MS lesions (17, 37), the downregulation mediated by AFC-5128 could thus be due to a reduced number of lesions, which in turn corresponds to improved clinical conditions. This evidence concerns the gene CD163 and myeloid sarcoma.