In the field of tumor therapy, Escherichia coli-derived bEVs have been shown to target and accumulate in tumor tissues, inducing the production of the anti-tumor cytokine CXCL10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and exerting their anti-tumor effects in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.