CYP17A1 and hyperandrogenism: Although it is largely known as a reproductive disorder, PCOS is also associated with endocrine functionality, hormonal pathways, and cardiovascular-related mortality.34 Previous research has consistently shown that women with PCOS are at a greater risk of developing MetS due to shared pathophysiological mechanisms, such as insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism.35,36 According to Armanini et.al, the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in excessive production of ovarian androgens by theca cells via the upregulation of CYP17A1 enzyme activity.37