The resultant combined 12 HCC EV-specific gene candidates are: ALB, APOH, ATAD2, FABP1, FGG, FGB, H2AX, PUF60, SORT1, TF, TUBG1, and UBL4A. This comprehensive data analysis pipeline ensures that the selected genes are specific to HCC EVs and can effectively differentiate themselves from those in the blood background. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and hepatocellular carcinoma.