Aspirin in higher doses (i.e., ≥ 300 mg) and non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NA-NSAIDs) may impact cancer survival given their anti-inflammatory properties mediated via cyclooxygenase-1 and − 2 (COX-1 and − 2) inhibition [5, 6]. The gene discussed is PTGS1; the disease is cancer.