Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulated or excessive ER stress is linked to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in the pathologies of inflammatory diseases [316], such as diabetes mellitus [319], inflammatory bowel disease [320], chronic liver disease [321], rheumatic disease [322], and neurodegenerative disease [323]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.