APP and Cognitive impairment: Since knockdown of ELK1 reduced APP amyloidogenic processing in vitro (Fig. 2a–k), we aimed to investigate whether knockdown of ELK1 by adeno-associated virus carrying ELK1 shRNA (AAVshELK1) could alleviate amyloid pathology and cognitive deficits in APP23/PS45 double-transgenic model mice of AD.