Arachidonic acid, an omega-6 FA derived from its precursor linoleic acid after a series of desaturation reactions, is metabolised by cyclooxygenase-2 to produce pro-inflammatory eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2, which has been shown to promote proliferation, suppress apoptosis, and silence tumour-suppressor and DNA-repair genes via epigenetic regulation [52, 53]. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and neoplasm.