AQP5 and liver dysplastic nodule: Additional research has examined the quantities of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and AQP2 exosome-expelled in urine in 35 diabetic patients, indicating that exosomal AQP5 and AQP2 could serve as potential noninvasive biomarkers for the classification of diabetic nephropathy (DN) clinical stages [116].