While studies offer promising results with inflammatory markers such as IL-6, CRP, and fibrinogen in risk stratification in AATD [41], previous studies have shown that structural and functional parameters alone serve as robust indicators of emphysema progression, and we believe, given the clinical applicability of densitometric and functional markers, that our study provides valuable prognostic information. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.