APP and Alzheimer disease: For instance, transgenic mice that overexpress mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) and/or APP/Presenilin 1 (PS1) recapitulate AD-like pathological features such as Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation but also have artificial phenotypes due to excessive production of mislocalized APP/PS1 and their fragments [12,15,16,17].