Figure 1 demonstrates the basic framework of epigenetics in the context of TAD. Experimental studies have shown that HDAC inhibitors can prevent the phenotypic switching of VSMCs, a key contributor to aneurysm growth, while miRNA-based therapies, including miRNA mimics and inhibitors, have demonstrated potential in regulating ECM homeostasis and inflammation [15]. This evidence concerns the gene HDAC9 and aneurysm.