HMGN5 and cancer: Figure 4C showed that HMGN5 mRNA downregulation was near 70% when cancer cells were incubated with pH-DNG-ASO (60 nM ASOs). Since the HMGN5 gene is closely associated with the metastasis and proliferation of breast tumor cells, both assays showed an efficient inhibition of gene expression of HMGN5 in terms of cell behavior and mRNA levels. To further validate the downregulation of HMGN5 at the protein level, Western blot analysis revealed a marked decrease in HMGN5 protein levels in cells treated with pH-DNG-ASO (60 nM) compared to the untreated control group (Figure 4D and Figure S17).