In addition to eliciting OX1R activity, CUP has been reported to improve the symptoms of cancer cachexic patients via a variety of mechanisms including improvement in muscle atrophy, adipose tissue atrophy, and chemotherapy-induced atrophy, as well as via the regulation of cytokine levels causing such atrophic phenomena observed in cancer cachexia [45] (Table 2). The gene discussed is HCRTR1; the disease is cancer.