Similarly, studies in pediatric patients with obesity showed a significant decrease in BMI by 2.26, BMI z-score by 0.31, waist circumference (−5.07 cm), and insulin level (−5.41 μU/mL) when treated with sodium butyrate for 6 months, compared with the placebo-treated group [176] (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.