Blocking various chemokines produced by tumor and stromal cells, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), colony-stimulating factor 1, and CCN3, can inhibit the recruitment of TAMs to tumor sites, thereby suppressing tumor progression and preventing metastasis (127, 128). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and neoplasm.