VEGFA and lung carcinoma: Among these, the expression of various molecules, such as JNK, HB-EGF, and Mincle, in M2-type macrophages promotes the growth of NSCLC cells (36, 37), whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), IL-10, and exosomes containing miR-155 and miR-196a-5p are associated with lung cancer progression and metastasis (38).