Moreover, ART exhibited strong binding interactions with Caspase 3 (CASP3), an essential executioner of apoptosis, implying that ART may mediate the activation of intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways, promoting programmed tumor cell death and exerting its anti-BLCA effects (Yang et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and bladder transitional cell carcinoma.