Conversely, it has been confirmed that N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase/growth factor-15 (NAG-1/GDF15) can block advanced glycation endproducts/the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGE/RAGE)-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways in HK-2 cells and mice, hence preventing DKD (Chen et al., 2022b). The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.