Several factors contribute to this decline, including malnutrition, immobility, neurological changes, and chronic illness along with hormonal changes related to aging, such as alterations in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), growth hormones, sex hormones, and glucocorticoids (Coletta and Phillips, 2023; Priego et al., 2021). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is nutritional deficiency disease.