To explore the clinical significance of these atypical stainings, we reviewed the clinical data when available (25 patients, Table 1): 14 (56%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for possible or probable AE or PNS, 1 (4%) met the diagnostic criteria for definite PNS after an a posteriori identification of anti-RGS8 aAb, and 1 (4%) patient presented with an ICI-related encephalitis. The gene discussed is RGS8; the disease is encephalitis.