TNF and diabetes mellitus: These include baseline characteristics, such as age, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and genetic risk (3–7), clinical symptoms, such as chest pain, dyspnea, and headache (8), and laboratory markers, such as procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer (D-D), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), c-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte (LY), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and serum cystatin C (sCys C) (9–13).