Further analysis of the spatial transcriptome data showed that the expression of marker genes S100b and vimentin related to melanoma malignant progression and metastasis 31, 32 were downregulated after MASKv treatment (Figure 6J), while inflammatory factor-related genes such as Ccl4 and Tnf33 were upregulated after MASKv treatment (Figure 6K), indicating that MASKv activated tumor immunity and inhibited the malignant evolution of tumors. The gene discussed is VIM; the disease is melanoma.