PDP1 and cancer: DCA binds the overexpressed PDK within the mitochondria of cancer cells and reactivates the pivotal enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), thereby redirecting pyruvate towards tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) instead of glycolysis, and resulting in the energy metabolic shift from glycolysis to unfavorable OXPHOS of cancer cells and provoking tumor apoptosis 18-20.