In patients with node-negative and hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer subtypes, the positive expression of PDPN in CAFs is associated with a high Ki67 labeling index, increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and a progesterone receptor-negative status and is remarkably associated with a short disease-free survival (DFS) 70. Here, PDPN is linked to breast cancer.