CD8A and neoplasm: Liu et al. (2024) isolated PDLCOs and their infiltrating immune cells for scRNA-seq, investigating the dynamic response of the tumor immune microenvironment to immunotherapy. This study confirmed the central role of CD8+ T cells in anti-tumor immunity, providing crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms of novel immunotherapies. Moreover, scRNA-seq of PDLCOs has proven to be highly beneficial for understanding the mechanisms of tumor drug resistance (Zhao et al., 2021).