The SPP1‒CD44 axis is strongly implicated in numerous interactions, such as Micro-TCs, in the normal group but plays a diminished role in GBM, suggesting that interactions such as Micro-TCs are highly influenced by the SPP1‒CD44 ligand‒receptor pair and are significantly affected in the GBM microenvironment (Figure 6e). Here, SPP1 is linked to glioblastoma.