The Q331K mutation in homozygosis also develops progressive behavioural phenotypes underlined by neuroanatomical abnormalities, and has been used to show that specific cortical parvalbumin interneurons are susceptible to neurodegeneration upon mutant TDP-43 expression, despite not presenting with motor neuron degeneration (White et al. 2018; Lin et al. 2021). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and Motor neuron atrophy.