HLA-DQB1 and autoimmune disease: In general, a significant proportion of the HLA-DRB1 alleles (HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DRB1*04:05, HLA-DRB1*07:01, HLA-DRB1*09:01, HLA-DRB1*01:01, HLA-DRB1*13:01, and HLA-DRB1*13:02) as well as HLA-DQB1*06:01, which confer resistance to pathogens, have also been identified as the susceptibility alleles for numerous autoimmune diseases (Figure 2 and Figure 3, Figure S9).