We noticed that infection significantly increased the abundance of resident (CD49a single positive) TCRαβ+ CD8+ T cells able to produce IFN-γ or granzyme B in response to PMA/ionomycin restimulation, while no statistical difference was observed on CD49a-negative or CD49a/CD103 double-positive cells (Fig 3C and 3D). The gene discussed is ITGAE; the disease is infection.