For example, in mice fed a high-fat diet, butyrate supplementation was shown to prevent weight gain, normalize insulin resistance, and increase adaptive thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in association with increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) [58]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and Insulin resistance.