JAK2 and adenoma: In addition, in nonfunctioning adenomas, interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R)/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3/matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) have been discovered to be involved in the PI3K/AKT pathway.