An increase in serum cytokines and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secreted by Kupffer cells in response to the phagocytosis of apoptotic hepatocytes, has been observed in patients with MASLD. Here, IL6 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.