TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: JA-associated DEGs are primarily enriched in neural and immune-related pathways (e.g., glutamatergic and dopaminergic synapses, chemokine signaling), UA-associated DEGs predominantly involve inflammatory and metabolic pathways (e.g., TNF signaling, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), while JU-associated DEGs regulate cellular stress and signal transduction (e.g., MAPK and calcium signaling).