CSF2 and neoplasm: Based on the changes in the TME after VVL-DD treatment, we inserted GM-CSF and IL-7 into this backbone virus to create VVΔTK-GM-CSFΔA49-IL-7 (hereafter, VVL-GL7) and systematically evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of the recombinant vaccinia viruses in murine pancreatic cancer model in vivo and in vitro.