TNF and neoplasm: lncRNA MALAT1 promotes M2 macrophage differentiation, leading to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment, by upregulating IL-10 and TGF-β, which suppress cytotoxic T-cell responses and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α), reducing the ability of macrophages to activate T-cells [149,150].