TLR2 and colitis: At the molecular level, Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces the colonic Th17/Treg ratio in DSS-induced colitis through TLR2-dependent JAK-STAT signaling [18,51], while L. casei M2S01 ameliorates colitis by restoring gut microbiota homeostasis, enhancing Treg activation and boosting IL-10 production via suppression of the canonical NF-κB pathway [52].