Considering the critical contribution of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of depression, we evaluated the impact of agomelatine on oxidative stress by assessing the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the hippocampus. This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and major depressive disorder.