iNOS–/–vs. WT:anti-oxidative: ↓ 4-HNE, ↓ 3-NT, ↓ PRMT1, ↓ DDAH1 in LV myocardiumanti-hypertrophic: ↓ ventricular weight/BW ratio, ↓ myocyte cross-sectional area,↓ myocyte diameter, ↓ MMP-2 and collagen-1 in LV myocardium↓ cardiac dysfunction: ↑ LV ejection fraction, ↑ LV fractional shortening, ↑ LV diastolic wall thickness, ↑ LV diameter in end systole and diastole, ↓ cardiac ANP and BNP levels↓ pulmonary congestion: ↓ lung weight/BW ratioother effects: ↔ mortality rate. Here, NPPA is linked to pulmonary vascular congestion.