Finally, in an elastase-induced model of COPD, both pharmacological iNOS inhibition (by 1400W) and genetic iNOS deficiency appeared equally ineffective against a multitude of biochemical and histological markers, although both of them diminished protein nitration; both approaches also resembled each other inasmuch as they led to pro-oxidative effects [103]. This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.