The literature search was conducted across several databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, and Springer) from 2022 to date, using key search terms including diabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, blood glucose, glycemic control, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance, flavonoids, flavone, isoflavone, flavonol, flavanone, flavanonol, chalcone, and anthocyanin. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.